Glossary of Technical Terms

Above the Fold: In reference to ad placement in traditional media, such as newspapers, this defines the top half of a page. On the web, this portion of the page is viewed without scrolling.

Ad (Advertisement): Digital creative that is typically interactive. Banners, buttons, interstitials and key words are all examples of online advertisements. The digital creative can be text, static graphic, animated graphic, video, audio or other.

Ad Network: Historically, an organization charged with the representation of advertising space for a group of Webster for the purpose of maximizing revenue and minimizing administrative costs through aggregation. The role of an Internet advertising network is to transact, serve, track and report the distribution of creative from advertisers to publishers using an efficient, interactive marketplace.

Ad Product - A specific advertising opportunity on a website. Example: banners, jump pages, pop-ups, splash pages and tickers.

Ad Rotation: Different ads and different ad sources are often rotated in the same space on a web page. Ad rotation can be static (one ad per page view) or dynamic (more than one ad per page view cycled based on elapsed display time). This is usually done automatically by software on the web site such as Ad Server Solutions. This function is related to, but different from ad serving provided by a network.

Ad server: Name for the organization, hardware, and software that deliver advertising creative to the user’s browser. The ad server typically is responsible for selecting the appropriate ad to serve by frequency control and targeting. The ad server also performs a variety of other administrative tasks including real time reporting of impressions, clicks, uniques, and more.

Ad Space: The space on a web page reserved to display advertising.

Audit Bureau of Verification Services (ABVS): The interactive auditing unit of the Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC).

Advertiser: Any individual or entity purchasing online advertising space including agency media buyers, OEM media buyers, and sole proprietors.    

Affinity Marketing: Marketing efforts aimed at consumers on the basis of established buying patterns.

Agency: An organization beholden with the responsibility to design, produce and manage the advertising for its customers. Agencies that handle digital creative and online campaigns are typical called interactive agencies. Many agencies handle both interactive and traditional media.

Affiliate: Typical term for a web site that drives traffic to another web site in exchange for a percent of sales from users driven to the site.

Alias: A URL that points to another web site. Many web sites use aliases to differentiate traffic. 

Alternate text: Text that appears while a banner is loading or when a cursor moves over a banner. 

Animated GIF - The combination of multiple GIF images in one file to create animation. The multiple images, displayed one after another, give the appearance of movement. Studies show that animated banners are more effective than static banners. They generate higher ad awareness and recall, and click-throughs.

Apache: Apache is a freely available Web server that is distributed under an "open source" license. Version 2.0 runs on most Unix-based operating systems (such as Linux, Solaris, Digital UNIX, and AIX), on other UNIX/POSIX-derived systems (such as Rhapsody, BeOS, and BS2000/OSD), on AmigaOS, and on Windows 2000.

Apple/Apple Computer: Apple Computer, Inc. is a prominent hardware and software company best known for its Macintosh series of personal computers. Introduced in 1984, the Macintosh was the first widely sold personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). That feature and others -- such as an improved floppy drive design and a low-cost hard drive that made data retrieval faster and more reliable -- helped Apple cultivate a reputation for innovation, which the company still enjoys today.

Application: A software piece or module designed to fill the specific needs of a user; for example, software for project management, issue tracking, file sharing, etc. This contrasts with system software, e.g. operating systems like MS Windows or UNIX.

Application Service Provider (ASP): Entities that manage and distribute services and solutions to customers across a wide area network from a central data center. Internet advertising networks are sometimes referred to as ASPs. We provide a Remotely Hosted Solutions at Ad Serving Solutions.

Applet: A small application served along with or instead of an image file for the purpose of executing a specific animation, visual or audio sequence. Some rich media creatives are served using a Java applet. Applets are typically intended to provide an enhanced web user experience, comparable to a plug-in. 

Backup: A copy of files set aside for security purposes. In case of data loss, backup is used to recover the working database or files.

Bandwidth: Digital throughput capacity. A measure of how much digital signal or information can be passed through a device or interconnect. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits per second. A 2400 baud modem can handle 2.4 kilobits per second. A T3 industrial interconnect can handle 45 megabits per second. A 100 base-T ethernet interconnect can handle 100 mega-bits-per-second. Bandwidth is analogous to the size of a water pipe. 

Banner: An interactive online advertisement in the form of a graphic image that typically runs across the top or bottom of a web page, or is positioned in a margin or other space reserved for ads. Banner ads are historically GIF images. Many ads are animated GIFs since animation has been shown to be more effective. The standard banner is 468 pixels wide by 60 pixels high. The standard banner is still the mainstay of online advertising, but is quickly giving up ground to newer, potentially more effective forms of online advertising, such as email and interstitials. See Creative.  

Banner Burnout: Over exposure of an advertising creative that contributes to a drop in click-through rates. Frequency control reduces burnout for a particular creative or campaign.

Beyond The Banner: online advertising not involving standard GIF and JPEG banner ads.

Booked Space: web site advertising space that is already sold or otherwise unavailable to receive new campaign commitments.

Branding: A traditional advertising method used to elicit a latent response from a target based on cumulative impressions and positive reinforcement. 

Browser: An application used to access files from the Internet. Such browsers include Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Opera and more.

Browser Caching: See Cache.

BSD: BSD (originally: Berkeley Software Distribution) refers to the particular version of the Unix operating system that was developed at and distributed from the University of California at Berkeley. "BSD" is customarily preceded by a number indicating the particular distribution level of the BSD system (for example, "4.3 BSD"). BSD UNIX has been popular and many commercial implementations of UNIX systems are based on or include some BSD code.

Business to Business (B2B): Businesses doing business with other businesses. The term is most commonly used in connection with e-commerce and advertising, when you are targeting businesses as opposed to consumers.  

Business to Business (B2B) Targeting: The targeting of online advertising to web sites that cater to business users, or targeting the business users directly.

Button: An interactive online advertisement in the form of a small graphic image that typically resides in the margin of a web page. Buttons are typically 88 x 31 pixels. The same button is often recurring for every page view on a particular site. Affiliate programs and sponsorships often use buttons to drive traffic. 

C++: C++ is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language that is viewed by many as the best language for creating large-scale applications. C++ is a superset of the C language. A related programming language, Java, is based on C++ but optimized for the distribution of program objects in a network such as the Internet. Java is somewhat simpler and easier to learn than C++ and has characteristics that give it other advantages over C++. However, both languages require a considerable amount of study.

Cache: To store pages, images, or other items, on a local server or user's computer to speed the rate at which web pages load. Ads, like other images, are cached unless some sort of cache-busting technique is used. When ads are cached, they will be served but will not be counted by an ad server. This can lead ad servers to under count the number of times a page is viewed, and this can in turn skew monitoring techniques.

Cache Busting: The process of blocking the caching of certain files to guarantee new delivery from the external server for each page view. Cache busting is necessary for the successful execution on online advertising.  

Campaign: A contracted agreement between an advertiser or advertising agency and either a publisher or a representative of a publisher. The campaign is specific to the creative to be published and the issue, or duration of the publication. Online advertising campaigns are defined by a number of variables, including the digital creative, the duration or flight dates, the pricing program, the publishers to be used and any user targeting applied.  

Category Targeting: The controlled delivery of creative to categorized web sites. Categories focus a campaign to those users most likely to be interested in the products or services being offered, thus increasing the effectiveness of the campaign. 

Click, Click-Thru or Click-Through: The activation of a hyperlink using a mouse or other input device. The click-through is essential to the interactivity of online advertising. 

Click-Through Rate (or Ratio) (CTR): The rate of activated ads to total ads displayed. A typical CTR is 0.5% (1 in 200). Also called Click-Through Percent (CTP). The click-through rate of an advertising creative is one measure of its effectiveness. 

Click-through URL: When users click on a banner or text link, the click-through URL is the new destination to which they are directed.

Click Tracking: The process of counting and auditing the clicks for a campaign. Click tracking can be done by a different entity than that which serves the creative.

Collaboration Software: Collaboration or Collaborative software is a computer-based system that supports groups of people engaged in a common task implementation and that provides an interface to a shared environment. Collaboration software can be divided into three major categories: 1). Communication tools (e-mail, faxing, web publishing), 2). conferencing tools (video conferencing, forums, chat, instant messaging) and 3). collaborative management (project management, issue tracking, calendars, document storage and sharing etc.).

Commission: The percentage of the advertising fee paid to the Publisher for hosting the creative on their web site Typical commissions range from 50 to 75 percent.

Common Gateway Interface (CGI): Interface creation scripting programs that create web pages in real-time based on dynamic end user interactive data.

Cookie: A cookie is a file used to record and store a variety of information on a user's computer. Cookies are placed by an external source during a certain event, such as the display of an ad. A cookie can be read only by the server in the domain that stored it. Cookies placed on user's computers as part of the ad serving process by ad server solutions do not collect, store or transmit personally identifiable information. Users can accept or deny cookies, by changing a setting in their browser preferences. The denial of cookies severely limits the customization and interactivity of a user's online experience.

Cost per 1,000 Impressions (CPM): An advertising campaign pricing model based on an estimate of the number of impressions of a particular creative in a particular media at a particular time (TV) or issue (printed media). The vast majority of online banner advertising is priced using the CPM model. The "M" is the Roman numeral for 1,000. The cost is aggregated per thousand for convenience; the cost for individual impressions would be very small. CPM is strongly associated with the "branding" school of marketing.

Cost per Action or Acquisition (CPA): An advertising campaign pricing model based on paying for direct results. The direct correlation between the action taken and the payment for the advertising that led to the action is desirable to advertisers. This model takes many forms (leads, sales, etc.) and is increasing in popularity online due to the ease of implementation and accounting compared to traditional media. CPA is strongly associated with the "direct response" school of marketing. Also called Cost per Transaction

Cost per Click-through (CPC): An advertising campaign pricing model base on paying only for those ads that experience a click-through CPC can be considered a measure of direct response, but is not a measure of true action taken by a user.

Cost per Lead (CPL): A CPA pricing method that typically pays a fixed fee for the acquisition of a customer lead, such as a filled out form or an opt-in email address. 

Cost per Sale (CPS): A CPA pricing method that typically pays a transaction percentage for the acquisition of a customer that makes a purchase. 

Creative: The materials used in advertising to convey a message. Digital creative can be text, static graphic, animated graphic, video, audio or other. See Banner.

Customer Acquisition Cost: The cost associated with acquiring a new customer. 

Data Reporting: The presentation and delivery of publisher web site and advertiser campaign data. Data reporting is typically a combination of tabular and graphic presentation.

DB2: DB2 is a family of relational database management system (RDBMS) products from IBM that serve a number of different operating system platforms. According to IBM, DB2 leads in terms of database market share and performance.
Document When used in reference to the WebAsyst applications, a document is any file containing text, media or hyperlinks that can be transferred from/to a server.

DOM: Document Object Model (DOM), is a programming interface specification being developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). It lets a programmer create and modify HTML pages and XML documents as full-fledged program objects.
Download A process of transferring to your computer a copy of a file that resides on another computer.

Demographics: Statistical data that describes the makeup of a given user base, and includes information such as age range, gender, education levels, and average household income. Demographic data is one of the tools used to match ad space with an advertising campaign.

Digital Creative: Advertising creative that is in digital format. Digital creative is easily stored, retrieved and delivered online. Common forms of digital creative include hypertext, HTML files, GIF image files, MPEG video files and AVI audio files.

Direct Response: A traditional advertising method used to elicit a direct response from a target by providing immediate access to the means to make a purchase. The interactivity of the Internet is ideal for the implementation of direct response advertising campaigns.

Even Delivery: The uniform distribution of advertising creative across designated web sites and over the flight of the campaign given targeting parameters, if any. Reputable ad serving systems like Ad Server Solutions have a variety of methods to maximize even delivery.

Exclusive: A contract that forces a Publisher to sell all specified inventory through a certain channel for a specified period of time. Advertisers can also be bound to purchase media only through a certain channel for a specified period of time.

Exit Transfer: The automatic launch of a browser window containing the advertiser's content triggered by the visitor exiting a particular web page or web site.

Exposures: Similar to Impressions, except it refers directly to the accessing of the Ad Banner.

Flight Dates: The time period, and associated start and end dates, over which an advertising campaign runs.

Frequency: The rate a particular user is exposed to a particular creative or a particular campaign during a single session or period of time.

Frequency capping is essential to the success of online advertising campaigns to maximize creative effectiveness.

Graphic Interchange Format (GIF): A common graphics format that can be displayed on almost all web browsers. GIFs typically display in 256 colors and have built-in compression. Static or animated GIF images are the most common form of banner creative.

Geo Targeting: Serving of ads to a particular geographical area or population segment. Geo-Targetiing.

Hang: When a web page is prevented from loading completely or at all due to a technical difficulty at the server end or at the user end. Online advertising that is poorly served may have the tendency to hang pages, thus irritating the user and publisher alike.

Hit: The sending of a single file from a web server to a user's computer. Most web pages contain several files, including all HTML, graphics, audio, etc. Hit is not the same as impression, page view, or number of unique visitors. Information about hits is valuable to the provider for server loading and bandwidth predictions, but used alone, it is of little value as a metric of online advertising, or online use in general.

Host: The individual or web site that displays online advertising. See Publisher.

House Ad: A Self promotional ad a company runs on its media outlets to put unsold inventory to use.

Hybrid Campaign: An advertising campaign pricing model base on combining different individual pricing models into one. A CPM/CPA hybrid campaign combines the benefits of branding and direct response into the same campaign. The relative weighting of each individual model is adjustable within the hybrid campaign, and can be modified during the campaign run to maximize ROI.

Hyperlink: The foundation of online interactivity. This is the clickable link in text or graphics on a web page that takes you to another place on the same page, another page, or another web site.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): The standard file format for internet documents (web pages). 

HTML Banner: A banner ad using HTML elements, often including interactive forms, instead of (or in addition to) standard graphical elements.

Hypertext: The text version of the hyperlink.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): The networking protocol that allows hyperlinks to work.

IIS: IIS (Internet Information Server) is a group of Internet servers (including a Web or Hypertext Transfer Protocol server and a File Transfer Protocol server) with additional capabilities for Microsoft's Windows NT and Windows 2000 Server operating systems.

Impression: Also called an ad or page impression. The display of a single creative to a consumer on a website. A single page view can have more than one impression if there is more than one advertising location on the page, or if dynamic ad rotation is used.

Interactive Agency: An advertising agency, or division of an advertising agency dedicated to interactive advertising, primarily published online.

Interactive Media: The online, Internet, or web environment is the primary interactive media for advertising. It is dubbed interactive because the user, or advertising target, can typically interact with the content and advertising.

Interactive Creative: A digital creative that uses a hyperlink to transfer the user to another website or open a separate interactive window.

Interstitial Ads: Interstitial ads are ads that appear in a separate browser window while another page is loaded. If a user, on page A, clicks a hyperlink to go to page B, the user will see the interstitial ad before arriving at page B. Newer concepts called superstitials or metastitials attempt to be more acceptable to consumers by being less intrusive, subtle and more interesting with the use of rich media components such as video.

Inventory: The ad space available for sale on a website. Ad inventory is determined by the number of ads on a page, the number of pages containing ad space and an estimate of future page views. Also called ad availability.

Internet Protocol Address (IP Address): The numerical system used to identify the components of the Internet. Every system connected to the Internet has a unique IP address. 

Java: Java is a programming language expressly designed for use in the distributed environment of the Internet. It was designed to have the "look and feel" of the C++ language, but it is simpler to use than C++ and enforces an object-oriented programming model. Java can be used to create complete applications that may run on a single computer or be distributed among servers and clients in a network. It can also be used to build a small application module or applet for use as part of a Web page. Applets make it possible for a Web page user to interact with the page.

Jump Page: See Splash Page. The page that is displayed when a user clicks on a banner. Can be used for just about anything from promoting a website, product or service, user registration to contests.

Java: An object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems, Java supports animation and real-time information transfer. Web pages that have Java applets embedded are recognized by Java supported web browsers.

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG): Easily compressed graphics format that displays photographic as well as graphic images. JPEG is a newer format than GIF.

Keyword: A word or phrase used to focus an online search and to target advertising. Advertisers can purchase keywords on search engines to guarantee that their website information is displayed prominently and/or display an associated creative.

Lag Time: The amount of time between making an online request or command and receiving a response. A primary goal of advertising network efficiency is to minimize lag time.

Link: See Hyperlink. When clicked on, a link brings you to another web page, or to another place on the same page.

Linux: Linux (often pronounced LIH-nuhks with a short "i") is a Unix-like operating system that was designed to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive Unix systems. Linux has a reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing system. Linux's kernel (the central part of the operating system) was developed by Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland.

Last Call: An opportunity for buyers to find broad penetration at low prices through last-minute, wide-ranging Run-of-Network buys.  

Make-Good: Impressions not delivered. If 600,000 impressions are bought and only 200,000 are delivered, the make-good is 400,000. Make-good impressions typically run in the month following the end of flight date or are credited to the campaign invoice.

Media: The forms of publication. Traditional advertising media include newspapers, magazines, billboards, radio and television. Digital interactive advertising media started with the Internet, accessed at an indoor computer, but is quickly spreading to television, cellular devices and outdoor locations.

Media Broker: An individual or organization that represents and is authorized to sell the advertising space of one or more publishers. Advertising networks can act as brokers for online publishers.

Media Buyer / Media Planner: An individual working directly for an advertiser, or for an advertising agency, charged with the responsibility of purchasing advertising space. An interactive media buyer makes online ad space purchases, sometimes through an ad network.

Metric: Any standardized measurement used for comparison purposes. Online advertising metrics include Click-through Ratio and Unique Page Views. 

MySQL: MySQL (pronounced "my ess cue el")is an open source relational database management system (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL), the most popular language for adding, accessing, and processing data in a database. Because it is open source, anyone can download mySQL and tailor it to their needs in accordance with the general public license. MySQL is noted mainly for its speed, reliability, and flexibility. Most agree, however, that it works best when managing content and not executing transactions.

Net Dollars: The total amount a publisher receives for inventory.

Online File Storage and Sharing: Online file storage and sharing is an Internet hosting service or web based software installable on your web server, specifically designed to host static content, typically large files that are not web pages. Online file storage and sharing systems can be optimized for serving many users. Every user may have a personal account that grants him certain access rights, e.g. read-only access to files, writing permissions or full access rights usually referred as “administrative” rights.

Online Issue Tracking: Online Issue Tracking system is typically an Internet service of web based software package that you can install on your web server and that is designed especially to manage issues, e.g. work orders, bug/defect reports etc. Online Issue Tracking software system allows user to quickly enter issue using standard web browser. Some systems allow users to specify a workflow for an issue that automates an issue’s lifecycle.

Online Project Management: Online Project Management is usually implemented by using web based project management software or web applications, accessed through an intranet or extranet using a web browser. Online Project Management system can be accessed from any type of computer without installing software. It is ease of access-control, naturally multi-user to support multiple users modifying different sections of the plan at once, for example, updating the areas they personally are responsible for such that those estimates get integrated into the overall plan.

Opt-In Email: Email received based on a user's choice to opt-in is only used to send messages which will be of interest to them. Opt-in email continues to build market share in the online advertising world. More often than not, opt-in is the default and user action, such as a check box, is required to opt-out.

Oracle: Oracle (in ancient Greece, someone in touch with the deities; from Latin, oraculum or divine announcement) says it is the world's leading supplier of software for information management but it is best known for its sophisticated relational database products (notably Oracle9i), which are used in Fortune 1000 corporations and by many of the largest Web sites. Oracle's relational database was the world's first to support the Structured Query Language (SQL), now an industry standard.

Page View: The number of times users request a web page. Page view is used interchangeably with page impression.The loading of a webpage by a browser. A single User Session may result in multiple page views and numerous Impressions.

Pay-per-Click: See Cost per Click.

Pay-per-Impression: See CPM.

Pay-per-Lead: See Cost per Lead.

Pay-per-Sale: See Cost per Sale.

Pixel: See Tracking Pixel.

Plug-in: A modification to a browser that allows the execution of a certain type of custom file, such as Macromedia's Flash. Plug-ins are typically designed to enhance the web user experience by providing animation, video or audio content.

Pop Under: A window that pops (launches automatically) behind the current browser window. Also known as a pop-behind or go-behind

Pop Up: An ad that displays in a new browser window.

Publisher: An individual or entity selling online advertising space, including portal media planners, Webmasters and other ad networks. Publisher, web publisher, Webmaster and host are synonymous with respect to online advertising.

Psychographics: Behavioral characteristics of a target audience, such as online shopping habits

Rate Card: Advertising price list. Rates to buy and sell advertising space on an ad network.

Reach: The total number of people who will see a given ad. Percent of Unique Visitors reached.

Redirect: The process of forwarding a call for a creative to another server based on availability and frequency capping, among other criteria.

Referral: A new member of the ad network (either a publisher or advertiser) referred directly by a current member through a button link or other means.

Refresh: To reload the same web page.

Release Date: The actual day an Ad Cycle begins.

Remnant Space: web site ad space that is relatively undesirable and is often resold to a third party to be filled with low dollar advertising. 

Rep Firm: Company that represents advertising sold on a web site, often exclusively.

Request for Proposal (RFP): A request to provide a competitive proposal to handle a particular campaign for publication. The best proposal is typically awarded a contract to perform the service.

Return on Investment (ROI): The actual or perceived future value of an expense or investment. Ad campaign ROI is a metric that attempts to determine what the advertiser receives in return for the cost of the advertising, usually in terms of new sales. The difficulty in determining ad campaign ROI is tied to the type of online campaign used.

Rich Media: A general term used to describe advances in online creative that take advantage of enhanced sensory features such as animation, audio and video. Rich media takes many different digital file forms. The serving of rich media creative can require more bandwidth and software modifications for older systems. Rich media creative will become more useful as user bandwidth increases.

Rotating: A single Ad Spot will display a different Adverstisement upon each calling of the page.

Run-of-Group (ROG): Refers to a rotation of your ad throughout a specified group of pages (Group A, B, or C). Advertisers are given more control by selecting the group desired (from the pre-designated groups available) and then selecting the number of total monthly impressions to be delivered. The system then delivers a random rotation throughout only the group of pages selected.

Run-of-Network (RON): A campaign buy that distributes creative to all or most of a network of publisher web sites with no targeting or other filtering applied, other than standard frequency capping. Run-of-Network campaigns provide Advertisers with the greatest reach at the lowest cost.

ROS (Run of Site) -Provides the advertiser with the opportunity to reach a broad audience by running ads throughout a web site. There is, however, no specific targeting in this model.

Search Engine - A program that acts as a catalog for the Internet. Using keywords, search engines to help a user locate their desired information. Examples: Yahoo, Google, Overture, Alta Vista, Lycos, and Excite.

Serving: The real-time, controlled distribution of advertising creative to publisher web sites.

Single Pixel GIF (SPG): See Tracking Pixel.

Site Function Targeting: A simple way to target advertising by the primary use of a web site (to buy or sell, to get information, to be entertained). Site function targeting is complementary to traditional category targeting.

SkyScraper Ad: An online ad significantly taller than the 120x240 vertical banner.

SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol. A protocol that describes a model for packing XML enquiries and responses. SOAP messaging is used to enable exchange of a variety of XML information between server and client computers.

Splash page: A highly expressive page between an advertisement and an advertiser's web site that often provides product information. Some splash pages automatically jump to another page on the advertiser's web site after a certain amount of time has elapsed.

Sponsorship: A long term advertising relationship that typically involves the payment of a fixed fee to display a banner or other graphic on a web site, or be included in an email newsletter. Integrates an advertiser's message with content on an exclusive or non-exclusive basis. Identified by "Brought to you by..." or "Sponsored by..." messages. 

SQL: SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard interactive and programming language for getting information from and updating a database. Although SQL is both an ANSI and an ISO standard, many database products support SQL with proprietary extensions to the standard language. Queries take the form of a command language that lets you select, insert, update, find out the location of data, and so forth. There is also a programming interface.

Stats: Data about the use of a web site or the effectiveness of an ad campaign. Make sure your ad server software provides real time stats like Ad Server Solutions.

Stickiness: A performance metric based on the ability of a web site to hold a visitor's attention. A web site's stickiness is average duration per user session or per unique visitor.

Surplus Inventory: web site ad space available for purchase. Surplus inventory is often Remnant Space.

Surround Session: Advertising sequence in which a visitor receives ads from one advertiser throughout an entire site visit.

Tag: HTML fragment that enables a web site to serve an impression.

Targeting: The process of delivering an advertiser's ad to the user through either content matching, profiling, or filtering.The control of the distribution of ad creative to only those web sites or those users that fit within the particular targeting parameters. Targeting has the potential to dramatically improve the advertiser's ROI.

Text Ad: Advertisement using text-based hyperlinks.

Third Party Auditing: The use of an independent serving authority to provide the definitive accounting of the execution of an ad campaign. The campaign contract is usually written so that the auditor's numbers are final, rather than those of either the advertiser or publisher. Third party auditing is sometimes performed by a separate enterprise than third party serving, thus involving a total of four parties. If third party remnant space or affiliates are involved, the total number of entities involved in a single interactive advertising event can be five or more.

Third Party Serving: The task of managing the frequency capping, redirection and accounting of advertising events between publishers and advertisers.

Tracking: The collection and automated analysis of data associated with the serving of digital creative. Tracking provides the frequency control, accounting, stats data and anti-fraud components of a campaign.

Traffic: The number and types of people who come to a website. Measured in many different ways. Traffic is the currency of online success, but is not the only factor. Massive, low grade traffic to a web site with poor content will inevitably result in failure. To an ad network Traffic Management is the ongoing effort to balance Publisher inventory with booked campaigns.

Tracking Pixel: The method used to track post-click actions. A small piece of HTML code is placed in the advertiser's action page. This causes a clear, single pixel GIF image (1X1) to be loaded which counts the action if a corresponding tracking cookie exists on the visitors computer.

Transfer Click: Another term for the automatic loading (pop) of a new browser window containing the advertiser's content.

Under Delivery: Delivery of less impressions, visitors, or conversions than contracted for a specified period of time.

Unique Users: Users marked by either a Global User ID (GUID) or a cookie in the form of an ID that is attached to a user's browser. Unique users do not include repeat users during a specified session.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL): an HTTP address used by the World Wide Web to specify a certain site. It usually begins with "http://". Every file and page on the Web has a unique URL.This is the unique identifier, or address, of a web page on the Internet. 

Unique Page Views: The total number of unique pages on a web site by a unique visitor.

Unique Visitor and User Session: A unique IP address visiting a web site for the first time in a specified period. Unique visitor is more often associated with long periods of time, such as a month. User session is more often associated with shorter periods of time, such as 30 minutes. Both are valuable traffic metrics for many web sites. Frequency control in ad campaigns is a function of unique visitor and user session definitions.

Vertical Banner: A banner ad measuring 120 pixels wide and 240 pixels tall.

Viral Marketing: The use of a self-perpetuation mechanism, such as a referral or affiliate program, to grow a user base in a manner similar to the spread of a virus. Good viral marketing campaigns have extraordinary ROI.

Visual Basic: Visual Basic (VB) is a programming environment from Microsoft in which a programmer uses a graphical user interface to choose and modify preselected sections of code written in the BASIC programming language. Since Visual Basic is easy to learn and fast to write code with, it's sometimes used to prototype an application that will later be written in a more difficult but efficient language. Visual Basic is also widely used to write working programs. Microsoft says that there are at least 3 million developers using Visual Basic.

Web Based Software: A specific and relatively new class of software. All software components usually reside on a web server. Access to the web based software application is through a web-browser, the web based software only needs to be installed on one web server machine. Users can gain quick and timely access to a wider variety of existing information, anytime, and from anywhere in the world.

Web Hosting: A way of using web based software. Does not require installation of any software pieces on your desktop computer. Instead, all your software applications, database and files are located on a computer in the Internet, which is maintained by your host provider for a certain monthly fee.

Web Page: The traditional presentation of information online. web sites are made up of web pages, analogous to the pages in a book. If frames are used, multiple pages can be displayed at the same time, resulting in multiple Page Views.

Webmaster: The individual responsible for the management of a web site. See Publisher.

Web Site: A virtual location online designated by a unique URL. A web site is made up of one or more web pages.

Web Site Categories: System of grouping based on content or demographic interests. These may include automotive, Internet, financial sites, etc.

Web Site Profile: Details that may include historical demographic and psychographic information about visitors to the web site, or a portion thereof.

XML: Acronym for Extensible Markup Language. An open standard for exchanging structured documents and data over the Internet that was introduced by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in November 1996.

Zip Code Targeting: Real-time geographic targeting of advertisements based on the zip code of the user.